It was to a great extent a popular revolt led by exiled princes and displaced landlords. The revolt of 1857 was the most severe outburst of anger and discontent accumulated in the hearts of various sections of the indian society ever since the inception of british rule in bengal, following the battle of plassey in 1757 and the battle of buxar. The causes of the indian revolt work by ahmad khan britannica. At the end of the article, we have also provided a direct link to download revolt of 1857. It starts with the general mistrust which people had with other classes, lack of support base and resources, lack of advanced weaponry with indian soldiers, lack of unifying central leadership and lack of understanding of colonial rule. It shook the foundations of the british empire in india and at some points it seemed as though the british rule would end for all time to come. The numeral strength and inferior position of indian sepoys contributed to the great revolt of 1857. The revolt of 1857 was clearly not a success but it is unfair to dismiss it as a mere mutiny. The revolt of 1857 indias first war of independence by roman saini. In loading the rifle the sepoy before inserting the cartridge had to bite off its top. The events of 1857 have long been the subject of bitter controversy, and have provoked more empassioned literature than any other single event in indian history. Indias traditional economy collapsed as a result of the british investment policies and revenue administration. My recollections of the sepoy revolt 185758 jan 16, 2017 0117. Introduction of the cartridge which was believed to coated with pigs and cows skin which is strictly prohibited for muslims and hindu respectively.
It has been observed that in the last year papers of competitive exams, there are 12 questions asked from revolt of 1857, its causes and leaders. What were the causes and consequences of the revolt of 1857. It began when indian troops sepoys in the service of britains east india company refused to use purportedly tainted weaponry. It was the most remarkable single event in the history of india after the establishment of british rule. Lets see some of its important incidents included in the fact file. Consequencesrevolt of 1857 in india english summary. The revolt of 1857 was a combination of political, economic, socioreligious and military causes.
On the other hand, rest states had actively participated in the revolt of 1857 against british rule. In this article we will discuss about the great revolt of 1857 also called the first war of indian independence, was a major event in the history of india, both as a step forward in the process of constitutional development and awakening of the people. Cbse class 8 social science revolt of 1857 notes concepts. It was the culmination of the manifold grievances that indians had against the east india companys rule. The revolt of 1857 indias first war of independence. The indian rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in india in 185758 against the rule of the british east india company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the british crown. By ad 1857, the stage was set for a massive revolt.
The political causes of the revolt may be traced to the british policy of expansion through the doctrine of lapse and direct annexation. The indian rebellion of 1857 had diverse political, economic, military, religious and social. This was the trigger that unified the sepoys for the revolt of 1857. Historians like sir john seeley called the revolt a mere sepoy mutiny with no popular support and native leadership. Here we outline the various political and economic factors that helped cause the revolt. The british officials of the time, caught up in the revolt and searching for some coherent explanation, put forward a bewildering array of conflicting opinions. Further, they were also apprehensive about serving overseas since this meant a loss of their caste according to their beliefs.
South india remained quiet and punjab and bengal were only marginally affected. It began on 10 may 1857 at meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the british east india companys army. Kings, peasants, tribals, landlords and we sepoys, all were dissatisfied with the british rule. The political causes of the revolt may be traced to the british policy of expansion through the doctrine of lapse and direct. Ppt the revolt of 1857 powerpoint presentation free to. Download cbse class 8 social science revolt of 1857 notes, social science chapter notes, cbse class 8 social science revolt of 1857 notes. The spirit of revolt sporadically manifested in bengal, vellore and barackpore and in different armed regiments prior to 1857. Oct 10, 2012 pdf causes of sepoy rebellion of 185759 reinterpreted find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Learning the important concepts is very important for every student to get better marks in examinations. K datta considers the revolt as a military outbreak, taken a.
Causes of revolt of 1857 the indian rebellion of 1857 had diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes. On 10th may 1857 men of 3rd light cavalry stormed the barracks jail and released their comrades. The companys trade policy destroyed indian handicrafts. Cbse class 8 social science revolt of 1857 notes concepts for. Revolt of 1857 event in indian history was an important landmark. The revolt was started due to the induction of enfield riffles in the army.
The rebellions called bahadur shah second as the emperor of india. Changes made in the british indian army after the revolt of 1857. Made by manas joshi x a ryan internationa school 1 2. Page58the causes of the indian revoltsyed ahmad khan bahadurfirst. It was started by the sepoy of the company which arouses the gathered grievances of the people against the company administration and of their dislike for the foreign administration. Congress rank and file to start the mass civil disobedience.
Contributed the growth of british in india both economically and politically. The first expression of organised resistance was the revolt of 1857. It is regarded as indias 1 st war of independence against the british rule. Which among the following was not an economic cause of the revolt of 1857. Causes of the 1857 rebellion the indian rebellion of 1857 occurred as the result of an accumulation of factors over time, rather than any single event. Administrative causes of revolt of 1857 the indian sepoys were unhappy that the foreign service allowance bhatta which they were entitled to while serving in the singh or punjab was withdrawn. In sir sayyid ahmad khan important was his pamphlet, the causes of the indian revolt. Causes on may 10, 1857 sepoys stationed at meerut, led by mangal pande mutinied and straightaway marched to delhi and proclaimed the 80yearold mughal emperor. Nana sahib alias dhondu pant was refused pension, as he was the adopted son of peshwa baji rao ii.
However, the recent research has proved that the cartridge was neither the only cause nor even the most important. This was the first time when indians got together to fight against an invincible military power. During the indian mutiny of 1857 he had taken the side of the british, but in this booklet he ably and fearlessly laid bare the weaknesses and errors of the british administration that had led to dissatisfaction and a countrywide. It began as a revolt of the sepoys of the companys army but eventually secured the participation of the masses. The revolt of 1857 is an important marker in indian history, and is an area where questions have repeatedly featured in the civil services prelims and civil services mains examinations conducted by the union public service commission upsc. Political as british extended their control they introduced many ways of grabbing land like the use of. The immediate cause of the revolt was the introduction of the new enfield rifle and the greased cartridge. Few events in the history of the british empire have attracted as much interest or controversy as the indian mutinyrebellion of 18578. Sepoys in the presidency of bengal revolted against their british officers.
We will look into each cause of the failure of the 1857. The revolt of 1857 is the most important event of modern indian history. Causes of the revolt of 1857 s project by manas joshi revolt of 1857 6 7. Its causes lay deeply embedded in the grievances that all sections of indian society nurtured against the british rule.
Indian rebellion of 1857 simple english wikipedia, the free. That spark was provided by as small a thing as a rifle cartridge. Pdf the revolt of 1857 the first war of independence. The rebellion began on 10 may 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the companys army in the garrison town of meerut, 40 mi 64 km northeast of delhi now old delhi.
It was only later on that other elements of society joined the revolt. Soon the indian civilians joined the mutineers and killed about 50 europeans. An uprising in several sepoy companies of the bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the enfield rifle february, 1857. The revolt of 1857 exposed the danger involved in allowing a commercial organisation to rule over a country. Emergence of press, development of rapid means of transport and communication, and the impact of the contemporary european movement accelerated the growth of this national sentimence. The revolt of 1857 introduction the revolt of 1857 forms one of the most important chapters in the history of the struggle of the indian people for liberation from the british rule. This revolt can aptly be termed the first war of indian independence against the british. War of independence 1857 in 1857 british faced a serious challenge to their rule in india. Avadh was annexed in 1857, on charges of maladministration satara, jhansi, nagpur and sambhalpur were annexed owing to doctrine of lapse. May 15, 2019 thus the events of 1857 demonstrated that the people and politics of india were not basically communal before 1858. The indian rebellion of 1857 had diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes.
What were the causes of sepoy mutiny or revolt of 1857. Pdf historians and the great revolt, 185759 jitendra. It shook the foundations of the british empire in india and at some points it seemed as. The issue of greased cartridges and military grievances has been overemphasized, as the factor for the revolt of 1857. What was the result of first war of independence its drawback. A large number of indian rulers and chiefs were dislodged, thus arousing fear in the minds of other ruling families who apprehended a similar fate. The revolt of 1857 sepoys mutiny or rebellion or first independence war of india pdf free download the revolt of 1857 is a major incident in the history of modern india. The attached concepts made as per ncert and cbse pattern will help the. What were the causes and consequences of the revolt of. The most important result of mutiny was the act for the better government of. Contemporary observers claimed frequently that religion was an important cause of the indian mutinyrebellion of 1857 8. The mutiny and great revolt of 185759 when soldiers of the bengal army mutinied in meerut on may 10, 1857, tension had been growing for some time. Indian mutiny, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion begun in 1857 against british rule in india.
Summary the revolt of 1857, the indian rebellion of 1857, the uprising of 1857, the great rebellion, the indian mutiny, the sepoy mutiny, are the different names for indias first war of independence against the british. This lesson deals with the various causes leading to the failure of the revolt of 1857. Comprehensive essay on the causes of the revolt of 1857. The immediate cause of military disaffection was the deployment of the new breechloading enfield rifle, the cartridge of which was purportedly greased with pork and beef fat. The indian rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in india in 1857 58 against the rule of the british east india company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the british crown. Mangal pandey on sepoy of the 34th native infantry stationed at barrakpur killed lieutenant on a. It was estimated that not more than one fourth of the total area and not more than one tenth of the total population was affected. Syed ahmed khan was one of the leading figures of muslim india, and the revolt of 1857 was the defining moment of his life. The revolt of 1857 in india study notes history discussion. The revolt of 1857 is regarded by many as the first war of indian independence.
Revolt of indian soldiers against british officers when they were required to use greased ammunition cartridges they suspected were being used to pollute them and cause them to convert to christianity. The revolt of 1857 was a product of the character and policies of rule. Pdf the war of 1857 was a great event that influenced the future course of history of sub continent. The sepoys were local soldiers, the majority hindu or muslim, that were recruited into the companys army. Notes on causes of the revolt of 1857 cbse class 8 history. The already simmering anger against british burst out into a violent storm. They viewed missionary activities, inappropriate legislative interventions into religious affairs, and the alleged introduction of cartridges greased with animal fat into the bengal army as significant reasons for revolt. Great revolt of 1857 causes, nature, importance, outcome. On 24 th april 1857 about ninety men of the native cavalry stationed at meerut refused to accept the greased cartridges. Pdf the war of 1857 was a great event that influenced the future. Discontent and resentment against british rule had been growing among the indians for a long time. It shook the british government the revolt of 1857 is. The revolt of 1857 was initiated due to various factors which are stated below. Since its immediate aftermath historical readings of the tumultuous events that swept across north india during these years have focussed largely on the causes of the revolt, and explanations for it are many and various.
The cartridges were rumoured to have been made from cow and sow fat. It is by alone that i have learnt our race is not even feared at times by many and that by all it is disliked. We have compiled important information about this revolt of sepoys in 1857 against the east indian company in pdf. What are the main causes of the revolt of 1857 in india. Nana sahib was refused pension, as he was the adopted son of pesewa baji rao ii. On 10 th may the revolt started at meerut and the mutineers after killing some of their officials marched. How can we explain why so many indian people decided to fight. The approximate number is that a question on the revolt of 1857 appears once every 2 years in the exam. The reasons for the failure of the 1857 revolt are many and can be grouped into administrative, military and political causes. The revolt or uprising of 1857 was a valiant effort by disgruntled indian sepoys to overthrow the colonial power from indian shores, however, it ended in failure. At this time, the enfield rifle was introduced in the army. He played an important role in establishing british raj in india. Dissatisfaction was widespread among the military rank and file under the british.
The revolt of 1857 has been marked as the watershed or the great divide in the history of british india. Eightyfive of them were dismissed and sentenced to ten years imprisonment. The introduction of new enfield rifle with greased cartridges sparked off the revolt. Get an answer for summarize the causes and effects of the indian rebellion of 1857. Retrying browse and read nature and causes of the revolt of 1857 nature and causes of the. Last updated on april 08, 2020 by studytrac leave a comment. History the revolt of 1857 revolt of 1857 causes of the revolt of 1857. History the revolt of 1857 revolt of 1857 causes of the revolt of 1857 these are broadly categorized into four parts. Historian on the causes of the indian mutiny, students to identify claim s and. The political causes of the revolt may be traced to the 1 eric strokes,cristopher and alan balayl,the balayl, peasant british policy icy of expansion through the doctrine of armed. The indian mutiny, a widespread revolt against the guilty. Thus british government passed government of india act 1858 on august 2, 1858, according to which the power that the company enjoyed was snatched and a direct rule was established. It was after this that the nationalistic movement in the country gathered momentum.
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The vigorous application of the doctrine of lapse was responsible for participation of rani of jhansi and nana sahib. It was believed that the grease was made out of the fats of cows and pigs. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. The mutinies that took place on 10th of may, 1857 in meerut and their marched to delhi on 11th may and very soon the spread of the mutinies in kanpur, locnow, jhansi etc. A heavy taxation b but down on major patronage for artisans and handicrafts c increasing availability of market for indian cotton. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it.
India the mutiny and great revolt of 185759 britannica. One consequence of the mutiny was the establishment of direct british governance of india. Causes of the revolt of 1857 political causes social causes religious causes economic causes administrative causes military causes political causes. The concepts should be clear which will help in faster learning. The cumulative effect of british expansionist policies, economic exploitation and administrative innovations over the years had adversely affected the positions of all rulers of indian states, sepoys, zamindars, peasants, traders, artisans, pundits, maulvis, etc. Great revolt of 1857 india political science notes. It was believed that the cartridges used in the riffles were made of pig fat and cow fat which were restricted for the muslims and hindus respectively. The revolt of 1857 gave a severe jolt to the british administration in india and made its reorganization inevitable. The indian rebellion of 1857 is also called the indian mutiny, the sepoy mutiny, indias first war of independence or indias first struggle for independence.
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